We want to save time So we need Mobile Banking.

Mobile banking will evolve with passage of time.In these days for many people mobile banking means sms banking.Mobile banking also known as M-Banking.In future high speed internet will be availabe on mobiles so it will be very easy to access your online account via your mobile phone.

Many mobiles have capabilities to download banking softwares but only good mobile is not enough for mobile banking,there should be high speed internet connectivity.Mobile banking introduced new businesses in industry like e-bank is one of it's example.There are approximately above 3 billion GSM mobile users.
Smartphones are playing very important role in easy ways of e-banking on mobiles.


Security is a main issue in e-banking.It's reality that internet entered into our life as a revolution but Internet security still lagging.Unfortunately Internet is vastly used by hackers and online frauds specially credit card frauds are common online.In a research by Forrester in 2005,It was found that 0.6 million people left E-banking out of 15 million due to online security risks.

There are also few companies who claim that internst transactions are more safer than traditional banking transactions.I think it's totally depends that how much your e-bank technically secured and gurantee your security.

Online and e-banking is a best solution for small business man.It's reality that a small business man is very busy and handle many tasks at a time so he/she always prefer e-banking.It is expected that paper money will be extinct in future and e-tansactions will take it's place.
It's reality that e-payments and receivings are more easy than meeting a person and delivering him payments.In short technology will overcome all businesses.

Telecommunication emerging as a data services provider

Telecommunication industry evolving very fast in these days.Previously we were using telecom services just for voice calls not for data services.Internet revolution introduces new data services.Use of internet increasing day by day.Many people want wireless internet services.In history people are just using telecommunication for passing signals.Drum,flags and smoke signals were used in history for communicating messages.

In these days telecommunication world is more
focused on data services.Telecom industry is a very profitable industry in world.1.$1.2 trillion was expected revenue of telecom industy in 2006.
In start Telephone and Telegraph was invented.

Broadcasting is also part of telecommunication which was introduced after telephone and telegraph.It's sure that employment in this industry will grow because new technological development expand this industry.Most of people are using wired telecom networks.

WCDMA upgraded to 3G by using HSPA

HSPA is a mobile technology which enhance data rate on wireless networks. WCDMA is a standard used in GSM technologies. Technologists upgraded WCDMA by introducing HSPA which consists of two protocols. One is HSDPA and other is HSUPA. In fact HSPA is a little upgradation of software .HSPA is related to 3G mobile networks and it provide us 14Mbps downloading and 5.8Mbps uploading speed.
With the presence of HSPA we are able to use wireless broadband as we are using wired DSL. HSDPA is specified in release 5 of 3GPP and HSUPA specified in release 6 of 3GPP.Cell phone manufacturing companies are introducing new mobiles in market for 3G network .Only 3G enable or HSPA enable mobile can communicate with BTS tower of 3G mobile networks .
HSPA is adopting very fast in all around the world. In 85 countries there are 210 HSPA operators. Most probably 47 operators are allowing 3.6Mbps HSDPA speed. There are approximately 350 HSPA enabled devices like 132 handsets, 61 notebooks, 38 data cards, 27 wireless routers, 25 USB modems, 26 embedded modules etc.

Why we need to use 3G mobile networks

IMT-2000 is a standard for 3G mobile networks and is defined by ITU(International Telecommunication Union).This standard includes technologies like GSM EDGE,UMTS, DECT,CDMA2000 and WIMAX.3G able to providing up to 14.4Mbps downloading and 5.76Mbps uploading speed. We can say 3G is a wireless broadband.3G has some drawbacks like 3G is not backward compatible to GSM. So 3G mobiles are not able to communicate with GSM towers until upgraded for 3G network requirement. 3G is available worldwide. I have presented here a statistical picture which I have taken from GSA website. This picture shows growth of 3G worldwide.



By using just 2G mobile technologies we are not able to send or receive data at a very high speed. Many mobile users using WAP to access internet but we are not able to watch TV or receive video calls. Upgrading to 3G is really very expensive for Telecom companies but in future customer will demand high data rates for browsing internet and watching TV live.

Future of Wimax in doubts

WIMAX as is a very good solution for broadband wireless internet and it is competing with cable and wired dsl(Digital Subscriber line).It’s a latest technology approved by IEEE 802.16 group.WIMAX provides point to multipoint wireless networking.
WIMAX is popular but mostly in developing countries and it will prevail in developing countries. In case of developed countries like Europe and US there is a clear signs of tough time for WIMAX. In developed countries investors are interested to invest in LTE 4G.
In future there will be security risks for WIMAX as faced by WI-FI. In start when WIMAX entered into our life very less hackers well aware about it’s security weaknesses but with the passage of time there will be more security threats to WIMAX.
Intel have invested dollar $43 million in Tokyo based UQ communication. UQ is also using WIMAX technology and they are claiming that they will reach 90% of Japan’s population by 2012.WIMAX range is upto 30 miles as compared to WI-FI range of just few hundred feet.

4g wireless broadband will enhance your speed upto 100Mbps ideally

4G technology will enter into our life in 2010.Many companies working on 4 Generation mobile networks .Ideal data rate for 4G Is 100Mbps which is really very fast and it also provide end-to-end IP connectivity before 4G we are already using 2G,2.5G 3G in different countries.2.5 G providing EDGE and GPRS which enhanced the internet speed upto 384Kbps and widely using all around the world.3g wireless broadband still not implemented in many developing countries or implemented with limited speed rather than ideal speed.

In 3G soft evolution accured from GPRS to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and cdma2000 enhanced data rate up to 2Mbps.Telecommunication industry already achieved a very good data rate but 4G which is going to launch in near future will enhance the speed of internet upto 100Mbps as i have already mentioned above.4G mobile broadband have competition with WIMAX broadband.According to BBC NEWS, Nokia signed up with Sony Ericsson,NEC and other vendor companies previous year for emerging mobile standard LTE which is also known as 4G mobile technology.

In cellular networks specially GSM is widely spreading industry all around the world.GSM companies want to enhance their networks to 4G technologies.So there will be competition between WIMAX and rest of 4G mobile networks.WIMAX is famous for fixed and mobile LAN'S.It cover area upto 70km.It also uses very high frequency due to which it has a great capacity in one cell.

On the other hand 4G mobile networks which will evolve from GSM uses low frequency as compared to WIMAX so its capacity for each cell will decrease and less number of users in one cell as compared to WIMAX but on the other hand 4G mobile networks provide greater range as compared to WIMAX.

Company like verizon will provide LTE mobile networks is competing with WIMAX company like Sprint which had claimed in 2006 that they will reach 100 million people by the end of year 2008.In fact till 2008 they were present in only one city.Clearwire combined with Sprint competing with verizon .

Why OFDM Is Used In Broadband?

Why to use OFDM in broadband?

To implement the wireless broadband
Communication systems, the following challenges must be considered:
1-Frequency allocation and selection
2-Channel characterization
3-Air interface multiple access techniques
4-Protocols and networks and
5-Systems development with efficient modulation, coding, and smart antenna Techniques.

In the 1990s, OFDM was exploited for wideband data communications over the mobile radio FM channels, high-bit-rate digital subscriber lines (HDSL), asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL), very-high-speed digital subscriber lines (VDSL), digital audio broadcasting (DAB), and high-definition television (HDTV) terrestrial broadcasting.


The OFDM transmission scheme has the following key advantages:

1-OFDM allows efficient spectral usage by allowing overlapping in the frequency domain.
2-OFDM makes single frequency networks possible, which is especially
3-Attractive for broadcasting applications.
4-OFDM is highly immune to multipath delay spread that causes inter-symbol interference
in wireless channels.
5-OFDM has the inherent feature of robustness against frequency selective fading channels;
the implementation complexity is significantly lower than that of a single carrier system
with an equalizer.
6-In relatively slow time-varying channels, it is possible to significantly enhance the capacity
by adapting the data rate per subcarrier according to the signal- to-noise ratio of that
particular subcarrier.
7-OFDM is robust against narrowband interference, because such interference affects only a
small percentage of the subcarriers.
8-The modulation and demodulation can be done using IFFT and FFT Operations, which are
computationally efficient.
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